Everything about Acrylonitrile totally explained
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Acrylonitrile is the
chemical compound with the formula CH
2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities. It is an important
monomer for the manufacture of useful
plastics. In-terms-of its molecular structure, it consists of a
vinyl group linked to a
nitrile.
Uses
Acrylonitrile is used principally as a
monomer in the manufacture of synthetic
polymers, especially
polyacrylonitrile which comprises
acrylic fibers. Acrylic fibers are, among other uses, for well-known
carbon-fiber. It is also a component of
synthetic rubber. Dimerization of acrylonitrile affords adiponitrile, used in the synthesis of certain
Nylons. Small amounts are also used as a
fumigant. Acrylonitrile and derivatives such as
2-chloro-acrylonitrile are
dienophiles in
Diels-Alder reactions. Acrylonitrile is also a precursor in the industrial manufacture of
acrylamide and
acrylic acid.
Production
Acrylonitrile is probably the nitrile manufactured on the largest scale. Most industrial acrylonitrile is produced through the
Sohio process, the
catalytic ammoxidation of
propylene:
» 2CH
3-CH=CH
2 + 2
NH3 + 3
O2 → 2CH
2=CH-C≡N + 6
H2O
World annual production in
2001 was 4 million
tonnes and in
2005 6 million tonnes, with just under half of that coming from the
United States. In
1996 the Sohio acrylonitrile process was designated an
ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark in recognition of the innovative single-step method of production that made acrylonitrile available for chemical manufacturing worldwide.
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Safety
Acrylonitrile is highly flammable and toxic. It undergoes
explosive polymerization. The burning material releases fumes of
hydrogen cyanide and
oxides of nitrogen. Acrylonitrile is classified as a recognized human carcinogen
Further Information
Get more info on 'Acrylonitrile'.
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